Long Term Evolution and its Handover Mechanism

Ihtesham ul Haq, Zia Ur Rahman, Muhammad Faisal, Shahid Ali

Abstract


LTE technology wascommercially introduced byTeliaSonera in Norway in December2009. The abbreviation of LTE is Long Term Evolution.It is the third generation partnership project(3GPP).It is also developed widely by international organization.LTE is developed to support both the time division duplex technology(TDD) as well as historical information. The Architecture of high level network technology LTE is obtained from the three main point’s 1.The user Equipment, 2.The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E_UTRAN)and 3rd is the (EPC)Evolved PacketCore.Handover mechanism is published to be used in 3GPP LTE in orderto reduce the complexity of LTE Network architecture.The Standards isdeveloped by3GPP and is specie in its release 8 document series, LTE is the natural upgrade path forbid GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA200 networks.A critical task for operators is to plain LTE network layer independently without losing the cooperation.


References


J . -P. Cheng, C. han Lee, and T. -M. L in, “Prioritized Random Access

with dynamic access barring for RA N overload in 3G P P LT E -A networks ,” in 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), Dec.2011, pp. 368–372.

S.-Y. Lien, T.-H. Liau, C.-Y. Kao, and K.-C. Chen, “Cooperative Access

Class Barring for Machine-to-Machine Communications,” IEEE Trans.

Wireless Commun., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 27 –32, January 2012.

Farman Ullah, Muhammad Safdar, Izaz Ahmad Khan, Zia Ur Rahman, "Resource Observation in WSN-based Constrained Networks", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp.978-982

A. Lo, Y. Law, M. Jacobsson, and M. Kucharzak, “Enhanced LTE-Advanced Random-Access Mechanism for Massive Machine-to Machine (M2M) Communications,” in Proc. 27th Meeting of Wireless

World Research Form (WWRF), Oct. 2011.

N. K. Pratas, H. Thomsen, C. Stefanovic, and P. Popovski, “Code Expanded Random Access for Machine-Type Communications,” CoRR,

vol. abs/1207.0362, 2012

Khan, F., & Nakagawa, K. (2013). Comparative study of spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive radio networks. In Computer and Information Technology (WCCIT), 2013 World Congress on (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

Khan, F., Bashir, F., & Nakagawa, K. (2012). Dual head clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks. In Emerging Technologies (ICET), 2012 International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Khan, F., Kamal, S. A., &Arif, F. (2013). Fairness improvement in long chain multihop wireless ad hoc networks. In 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE) (pp. 556-561). IEEE.

Khan, F. (2014). Secure communication and routing architecture in wireless sensor networks. In 2014 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) (pp. 647-650). IEEE.

Khan, S., & Khan, F. (2015). Delay and Throughput Improvement in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks. In 5th National Symposium on Information Technology: Towards New Smart World (NSITNSW) (pp. 1-8).

Khan, F., Jan, S. R., Tahir, M., Khan, S., &Ullah, F. (2016). Survey: Dealing Non-Functional Requirements at Architecture Level. VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering, 9(2), 7-13.

Khan, F., Khan, S., & Khan, S. A. (2015, October). Performance improvement in wireless sensor and actor networks based on actor repositioning. In 2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE) (pp. 134-139). IEEE.

Jabeen, Q., Khan, F., Khan, S., & Jan, M. A. (2016). Performance Improvement in Multihop Wireless Mobile Adhoc Networks. the Journal Applied, Environmental, and Biological Sciences (JAEBS), 6(4S), 82-92.

Khan, F. (2014, May). Fairness and throughput improvement in multihop wireless ad hoc networks. In Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2014 IEEE 27th Canadian Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Khan, S., Khan, F., Arif, F., Q., Jan, M. A., & Khan, S. A. (2016). Performance Improvement in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6(4S), 191-200.

Khan, F., Jan, S. R., Tahir, M., & Khan, S. (2015, October). Applications, limitations, and improvements in visible light communication systems. In2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)(pp. 259-262). IEEE.

Younas. N, Asghar, Z, Qayyum. M,& Khan. F. Education and Socio Economic Factors Impact on Earning for Pakistan- A Bigdata Analysis

Jabeen, Q., Khan, F., Hayat, M. N., Khan, H., Jan, S. R., &Ullah, F. (2016). A Survey: Embedded Systems Supporting By Different Operating Systems. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Print ISSN, 2395-1990.

Tahir, M., Khan, F., Babar, M., Arif, F., Khan, F., (2016) Framework for Better Reusability in Component Based Software Engineering.In the Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences (JAEBS), 6(4S), 77-81.

Khan, S., Babar, M., Khan, F., Arif, F., Tahir, M. (2016). Collaboration Methodology for Integrating Non-Functional Requirements in Architecture. In the Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences (JAEBS), 6(4S), 63-67

Shabana, K., Fida, N., Khan, F., Jan, S. R., &Rehman, M. U. (2016). Security issues and attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE), 5(7), pp-81.

Zeeshan, M., Khan, F., & Jan, S. R. (2016). Congestion Detection and Mitigation Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

Hayat, M. N., Khan, F., Khan, H., Khan, M. Y., & Shah, M. (2016). Review of Cluster-based Energy Routing Protocols for WSNs. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Centre

Zeeshan, M., Khan, F., & Jan, S. R. (2016). Review of various Congestion Detection and Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Centre

Khan, H., Hayat, F., Khan, M. N., Khan, M. Y., & Shah, M. (2016). A Systematic Overview of Routing Protocols in WSNs. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology, 5(7), pp-2088.

Khan.W., Javeed. D., Khan. M.T., Jan. S.R., Khan, F. (2016). Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Food and Agriculture Sectors.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology, 5(6), pp-2048.

M. A. Jan, P. Nanda, X. He and R. P. Liu, “PASCCC: Priority-based application-specific congestion control clustering protocol” Computer Networks, Vol. 74, PP-92-102, 2014.


Full Text: PDF [Full Text]

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright © 2013, All rights reserved.| ijseat.com

Creative Commons License
International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance Technology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.Based on a work at IJSEat , Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_GB.